Uplink channel transmission in a wireless device and wireless network

ABSTRACT

A wireless device receives a downlink control information (DCI) for transmission of one or more transport blocks on an unlicensed cell. The wireless device calculates a transmission power employed for transmission of a reservation signal and a plurality of PUSCH symbols. The wireless device transmits via a first plurality of resource blocks (RBs) and until a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) starting symbol, a reservation signal with the transmission power. The wireless device transmits, via the first plurality of RBs and starting at the PUSCH starting symbol, the one or more transport blocks with the transmission power.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/289,793, filed Feb. 1, 2016, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosureare described herein with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting example sets of OFDM subcarriers as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example transmission time and receptiontime for two carriers in a carrier group as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is an example diagram depicting OFDM radio resources as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is an example block diagram of a base station and a wirelessdevice as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram for a protocol structure with CA and DC asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is an example diagram for a protocol structure with CA and DC asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows example TAG configurations as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is an example message flow in a random access process in asecondary TAG as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 10 is an example diagram depicting a downlink burst as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is an example diagram depicting a plurality of cells as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is an example diagram depicting a plurality of cells as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is an example diagram depicting a plurality of cells as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is an example diagram depicting a plurality of cells as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is an example flow chart as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is an example flow chart as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is an example flow chart as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Example embodiments of the present disclosure enable operation ofcarrier aggregation. Embodiments of the technology disclosed herein maybe employed in the technical field of multicarrier communicationsystems.

The following Acronyms are used throughout the present disclosure:

ASIC application-specific integrated circuit

BPSK binary phase shift keying

CA carrier aggregation

CSI channel state information

CDMA code division multiple access

CSS common search space

CPLD complex programmable logic devices

CC component carrier

DL downlink

DCI downlink control information

DC dual connectivity

EPC evolved packet core

E-UTRAN evolved-universal terrestrial radio access network

FPGA field programmable gate arrays

FDD frequency division multiplexing

HDL hardware description languages

HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request

IE information element

LAA licensed assisted access

LTE long term evolution

MCG master cell group

MeNB master evolved node B

MIB master information block

MAC media access control

MAC media access control

MME mobility management entity

NAS non-access stratum

OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

PDCP packet data convergence protocol

PDU packet data unit

PHY physical

PDCCH physical downlink control channel

PHICH physical HARQ indicator channel

PUCCH physical uplink control channel

PUSCH physical uplink shared channel

PCell primary cell

PCell primary cell

PCC primary component carrier

PSCell primary secondary cell

pTAG primary timing advance group

QAM quadrature amplitude modulation

QPSK quadrature phase shift keying

RBG Resource Block Groups

RLC radio link control

RRC radio resource control

RA random access

RB resource blocks

SCC secondary component carrier

SCell secondary cell

Scell secondary cells

SCG secondary cell group

SeNB secondary evolved node B

sTAGs secondary timing advance group

SDU service data unit

S-GW serving gateway

SRB signaling radio bearer

SC-OFDM single carrier-OFDM

SFN system frame number

SIB system information block

TAI tracking area identifier

TAT time alignment timer

TDD time division duplexing

TDMA time division multiple access

TA timing advance

TAG timing advance group

TB transport block

UL uplink

UE user equipment

VHDL VHSIC hardware description language

Example embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented using variousphysical layer modulation and transmission mechanisms. Exampletransmission mechanisms may include, but are not limited to: CDMA, OFDM,TDMA, Wavelet technologies, and/or the like. Hybrid transmissionmechanisms such as TDMA/CDMA, and OFDM/CDMA may also be employed.Various modulation schemes may be applied for signal transmission in thephysical layer. Examples of modulation schemes include, but are notlimited to: phase, amplitude, code, a combination of these, and/or thelike. An example radio transmission method may implement QAM using BPSK,QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, and/or the like. Physical radiotransmission may be enhanced by dynamically or semi-dynamically changingthe modulation and coding scheme depending on transmission requirementsand radio conditions.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting example sets of OFDM subcarriers as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated inthis example, arrow(s) in the diagram may depict a subcarrier in amulticarrier OFDM system. The OFDM system may use technology such asOFDM technology, DFTS-OFDM, SC-OFDM technology, or the like. Forexample, arrow 101 shows a subcarrier transmitting information symbols.FIG. 1 is for illustration purposes, and a typical multicarrier OFDMsystem may include more subcarriers in a carrier. For example, thenumber of subcarriers in a carrier may be in the range of 10 to 10,000subcarriers. FIG. 1 shows two guard bands 106 and 107 in a transmissionband. As illustrated in FIG. 1, guard band 106 is between subcarriers103 and subcarriers 104. The example set of subcarriers A 102 includessubcarriers 103 and subcarriers 104. FIG. 1 also illustrates an exampleset of subcarriers B 105. As illustrated, there is no guard band betweenany two subcarriers in the example set of subcarriers B 105. Carriers ina multicarrier OFDM communication system may be contiguous carriers,non-contiguous carriers, or a combination of both contiguous andnon-contiguous carriers.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example transmission time and receptiontime for two carriers as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. A multicarrier OFDM communication system may include one ormore carriers, for example, ranging from 1 to 10 carriers. Carrier A 204and carrier B 205 may have the same or different timing structures.Although FIG. 2 shows two synchronized carriers, carrier A 204 andcarrier B 205 may or may not be synchronized with each other. Differentradio frame structures may be supported for FDD and TDD duplexmechanisms. FIG. 2 shows an example FDD frame timing. Downlink anduplink transmissions may be organized into radio frames 201. In thisexample, the radio frame duration is 10 msec. Other frame durations, forexample, in the range of 1 to 100 msec may also be supported. In thisexample, each 10 ms radio frame 201 may be divided into ten equallysized subframes 202. Other subframe durations such as 0.5 msec, 1 msec,2 msec, and 5 msec may also be supported. Subframe(s) may consist of twoor more slots (for example, slots 206 and 207). For the example of FDD,10 subframes may be available for downlink transmission and 10 subframesmay be available for uplink transmissions in each 10 ms interval. Uplinkand downlink transmissions may be separated in the frequency domain.Slot(s) may include a plurality of OFDM symbols 203. The number of OFDMsymbols 203 in a slot 206 may depend on the cyclic prefix length andsubcarrier spacing.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting OFDM radio resources as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure. The resource grid structure intime 304 and frequency 305 is illustrated in FIG. 3. The quantity ofdownlink subcarriers or RBs (in this example 6 to 100 RBs) may depend,at least in part, on the downlink transmission bandwidth 306 configuredin the cell. The smallest radio resource unit may be called a resourceelement (e.g. 301). Resource elements may be grouped into resourceblocks (e.g. 302). Resource blocks may be grouped into larger radioresources called Resource Block Groups (RBG) (e.g. 303). The transmittedsignal in slot 206 may be described by one or several resource grids ofa plurality of subcarriers and a plurality of OFDM symbols. Resourceblocks may be used to describe the mapping of certain physical channelsto resource elements. Other pre-defined groupings of physical resourceelements may be implemented in the system depending on the radiotechnology. For example, 24 subcarriers may be grouped as a radio blockfor a duration of 5 msec. In an illustrative example, a resource blockmay correspond to one slot in the time domain and 180 kHz in thefrequency domain (for 15 KHz subcarrier bandwidth and 12 subcarriers).

FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 5A shows an example uplink physicalchannel. The baseband signal representing the physical uplink sharedchannel may perform the following processes. These functions areillustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms maybe implemented in various embodiments. The functions may comprisescrambling, modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valuedsymbols, mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one orseveral transmission layers, transform precoding to generatecomplex-valued symbols, precoding of the complex-valued symbols, mappingof precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements, generation ofcomplex-valued time-domain DFTS-OFDM/SC-FDMA signal for each antennaport, and/or the like.

Example modulation and up-conversion to the carrier frequency of thecomplex-valued DFTS-OFDM/SC-FDMA baseband signal for each antenna portand/or the complex-valued PRACH baseband signal is shown in FIG. 5B.Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

An example structure for Downlink Transmissions is shown in FIG. 5C. Thebaseband signal representing a downlink physical channel may perform thefollowing processes. These functions are illustrated as examples and itis anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in variousembodiments. The functions include scrambling of coded bits in each ofthe codewords to be transmitted on a physical channel; modulation ofscrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols; mapping ofthe complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmissionlayers; precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on each layerfor transmission on the antenna ports; mapping of complex-valuedmodulation symbols for each antenna port to resource elements;generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for each antennaport, and/or the like.

Example modulation and up-conversion to the carrier frequency of thecomplex-valued OFDM baseband signal for each antenna port is shown inFIG. 5D. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

FIG. 4 is an example block diagram of a base station 401 and a wirelessdevice 406, as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.A communication network 400 may include at least one base station 401and at least one wireless device 406. The base station 401 may includeat least one communication interface 402, at least one processor 403,and at least one set of program code instructions 405 stored innon-transitory memory 404 and executable by the at least one processor403. The wireless device 406 may include at least one communicationinterface 407, at least one processor 408, and at least one set ofprogram code instructions 410 stored in non-transitory memory 409 andexecutable by the at least one processor 408. Communication interface402 in base station 401 may be configured to engage in communicationwith communication interface 407 in wireless device 406 via acommunication path that includes at least one wireless link 411.Wireless link 411 may be a bi-directional link. Communication interface407 in wireless device 406 may also be configured to engage in acommunication with communication interface 402 in base station 401. Basestation 401 and wireless device 406 may be configured to send andreceive data over wireless link 411 using multiple frequency carriers.According to aspects of an embodiments, transceiver(s) may be employed.A transceiver is a device that includes both a transmitter and receiver.Transceivers may be employed in devices such as wireless devices, basestations, relay nodes, and/or the like. Example embodiments for radiotechnology implemented in communication interface 402, 407 and wirelesslink 411 are illustrated are FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 5, andassociated text.

An interface may be a hardware interface, a firmware interface, asoftware interface, and/or a combination thereof. The hardware interfacemay include connectors, wires, electronic devices such as drivers,amplifiers, and/or the like. A software interface may include codestored in a memory device to implement protocol(s), protocol layers,communication drivers, device drivers, combinations thereof, and/or thelike. A firmware interface may include a combination of embeddedhardware and code stored in and/or in communication with a memory deviceto implement connections, electronic device operations, protocol(s),protocol layers, communication drivers, device drivers, hardwareoperations, combinations thereof, and/or the like.

The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured mayalso refer to specific settings in a device that effect the operationalcharacteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational ornon-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware,registers, memory values, and/or the like may be “configured” within adevice, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state,to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “acontrol message to cause in a device” may mean that a control messagehas parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics inthe device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operationalstate.

According to various aspects of an embodiment, an LTE network mayinclude a multitude of base stations, providing a user planePDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towardsthe wireless device. The base station(s) may be interconnected withother base station(s) (for example, interconnected employing an X2interface). Base stations may also be connected employing, for example,an S1 interface to an EPC. For example, base stations may beinterconnected to the MME employing the S1-MME interface and to the S-G)employing the S1-U interface. The S1 interface may support amany-to-many relation between MMEs/Serving Gateways and base stations. Abase station may include many sectors for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6sectors. A base station may include many cells, for example, rangingfrom 1 to 50 cells or more. A cell may be categorized, for example, as aprimary cell or secondary cell. At RRC connectionestablishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell may providethe NAS (non-access stratum) mobility information (e.g. TAI), and at RRCconnection re-establishment/handover, one serving cell may provide thesecurity input. This cell may be referred to as the Primary Cell(PCell). In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may bethe Downlink Primary Component Carrier (DL PCC), while in the uplink,the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be the Uplink PrimaryComponent Carrier (UL PCC). Depending on wireless device capabilities,Secondary Cells (SCells) may be configured to form together with thePCell a set of serving cells. In the downlink, the carrier correspondingto an SCell may be a Downlink Secondary Component Carrier (DL SCC),while in the uplink, it may be an Uplink Secondary Component Carrier (ULSCC). An SCell may or may not have an uplink carrier.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned a physical cell ID and a cell index. A carrier (downlinkor uplink) may belong to only one cell. The cell ID or Cell index mayalso identify the downlink carrier or uplink carrier of the cell(depending on the context it is used). In the specification, cell ID maybe equally referred to a carrier ID, and cell index may be referred tocarrier index. In implementation, the physical cell ID or cell index maybe assigned to a cell. A cell ID may be determined using asynchronization signal transmitted on a downlink carrier. A cell indexmay be determined using RRC messages. For example, when thespecification refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlinkcarrier, the specification may mean the first physical cell ID is for acell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same concept may apply,for example, to carrier activation. When the specification indicatesthat a first carrier is activated, the specification may also mean thatthe cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosedmechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example,in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, acombination of the above, and/or the like. Example criteria may bebased, at least in part, on for example, traffic load, initial systemset up, packet sizes, traffic characteristics, a combination of theabove, and/or the like. When the one or more criteria are met, variousexample embodiments may be applied. Therefore, it may be possible toimplement example embodiments that selectively implement disclosedprotocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices may support multiple technologies, and/or multiple releases ofthe same technology. Wireless devices may have some specificcapability(ies) depending on its wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). A base station may comprise multiple sectors. When thisdisclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality ofwireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the totalwireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, forexample, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE release with agiven capability and in a given sector of the base station. Theplurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selectedplurality of wireless devices, and/or a subset of total wireless devicesin a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and/orthe like. There may be a plurality of wireless devices in a coveragearea that may not comply with the disclosed methods, for example,because those wireless devices perform based on older releases of LTEtechnology.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are example diagrams for protocol structure with CAand DC as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.E-UTRAN may support Dual Connectivity (DC) operation whereby a multipleRX/TX UE in RRC_CONNECTED may be configured to utilize radio resourcesprovided by two schedulers located in two eNBs connected via a non-idealbackhaul over the X2 interface. eNBs involved in DC for a certain UE mayassume two different roles: an eNB may either act as an MeNB or as anSeNB. In DC a UE may be connected to one MeNB and one SeNB. Mechanismsimplemented in DC may be extended to cover more than two eNBs. FIG. 7illustrates one example structure for the UE side MAC entities when aMaster Cell Group (MCG) and a Secondary Cell Group (SCG) are configured,and it may not restrict implementation. Media Broadcast MulticastService (MBMS) reception is not shown in this figure for simplicity.

In DC, the radio protocol architecture that a particular bearer uses maydepend on how the bearer is setup. Three alternatives may exist, an MCGbearer, an SCG bearer and a split bearer as shown in FIG. 6. RRC may belocated in MeNB and SRBs may be configured as a MCG bearer type and mayuse the radio resources of the MeNB. DC may also be described as havingat least one bearer configured to use radio resources provided by theSeNB. DC may or may not be configured/implemented in example embodimentsof the disclosure.

In the case of DC, the UE may be configured with two MAC entities: oneMAC entity for MeNB, and one MAC entity for SeNB. In DC, the configuredset of serving cells for a UE may comprise two subsets: the Master CellGroup (MCG) containing the serving cells of the MeNB, and the SecondaryCell Group (SCG) containing the serving cells of the SeNB. For a SCG,one or more of the following may be applied. At least one cell in theSCG may have a configured UL CC and one of them, named PSCell (or PCellof SCG, or sometimes called PCell), may be configured with PUCCHresources. When the SCG is configured, there may be at least one SCGbearer or one Split bearer. Upon detection of a physical layer problemor a random access problem on a PSCell, or the maximum number of RLCretransmissions has been reached associated with the SCG, or upondetection of an access problem on a PSCell during a SCG addition or aSCG change: a RRC connection re-establishment procedure may not betriggered, UL transmissions towards cells of the SCG may be stopped, anda MeNB may be informed by the UE of a SCG failure type. For splitbearer, the DL data transfer over the MeNB may be maintained. The RLC AMbearer may be configured for the split bearer. Like a PCell, a PSCellmay not be de-activated. A PSCell may be changed with a SCG change (forexample, with a security key change and a RACH procedure), and/orneither a direct bearer type change between a Split bearer and a SCGbearer nor simultaneous configuration of a SCG and a Split bearer may besupported.

With respect to the interaction between a MeNB and a SeNB, one or moreof the following principles may be applied. The MeNB may maintain theRRM measurement configuration of the UE and may, (for example, based onreceived measurement reports or traffic conditions or bearer types),decide to ask a SeNB to provide additional resources (serving cells) fora UE. Upon receiving a request from the MeNB, a SeNB may create acontainer that may result in the configuration of additional servingcells for the UE (or decide that it has no resource available to do so).For UE capability coordination, the MeNB may provide (part of) the ASconfiguration and the UE capabilities to the SeNB. The MeNB and the SeNBmay exchange information about a UE configuration by employing RRCcontainers (inter-node messages) carried in X2 messages. The SeNB mayinitiate a reconfiguration of its existing serving cells (for example, aPUCCH towards the SeNB). The SeNB may decide which cell is the PSCellwithin the SCG. The MeNB may not change the content of the RRCconfiguration provided by the SeNB. In the case of a SCG addition and aSCG SCell addition, the MeNB may provide the latest measurement resultsfor the SCG cell(s). Both a MeNB and a SeNB may know the SFN andsubframe offset of each other by OAM, (for example, for the purpose ofDRX alignment and identification of a measurement gap). In an example,when adding a new SCG SCell, dedicated RRC signaling may be used forsending required system information of the cell as for CA, except forthe SFN acquired from a MIB of the PSCell of a SCG.

In an example, serving cells may be grouped in a TA group (TAG). Servingcells in one TAG may use the same timing reference. For a given TAG,user equipment (UE) may use at least one downlink carrier as a timingreference. For a given TAG, a UE may synchronize uplink subframe andframe transmission timing of uplink carriers belonging to the same TAG.In an example, serving cells having an uplink to which the same TAapplies may correspond to serving cells hosted by the same receiver. AUE supporting multiple TAs may support two or more TA groups. One TAgroup may contain the PCell and may be called a primary TAG (pTAG). In amultiple TAG configuration, at least one TA group may not contain thePCell and may be called a secondary TAG (sTAG). In an example, carrierswithin the same TA group may use the same TA value and/or the sametiming reference. When DC is configured, cells belonging to a cell group(MCG or SCG) may be grouped into multiple TAGs including a pTAG and oneor more sTAGs.

FIG. 8 shows example TAG configurations as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure. In Example 1, pTAG comprises aPCell, and an sTAG comprises SCell1. In Example 2, a pTAG comprises aPCell and SCell1, and an sTAG comprises SCell2 and SCell3. In Example 3,pTAG comprises PCell and SCell1, and an sTAG1 includes SCell2 andSCell3, and sTAG2 comprises SCell4. Up to four TAGs may be supported ina cell group (MCG or SCG) and other example TAG configurations may alsobe provided. In various examples in this disclosure, example mechanismsare described for a pTAG and an sTAG. Some of the example mechanisms maybe applied to configurations with multiple sTAGs.

In an example, an eNB may initiate an RA procedure via a PDCCH order foran activated SCell. This PDCCH order may be sent on a scheduling cell ofthis SCell. When cross carrier scheduling is configured for a cell, thescheduling cell may be different than the cell that is employed forpreamble transmission, and the PDCCH order may include an SCell index.At least a non-contention based RA procedure may be supported forSCell(s) assigned to sTAG(s).

FIG. 9 is an example message flow in a random access process in asecondary TAG as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. An eNB transmits an activation command 600 to activate anSCell. A preamble 602 (Msg1) may be sent by a UE in response to a PDCCHorder 601 on an SCell belonging to an sTAG. In an example embodiment,preamble transmission for SCells may be controlled by the network usingPDCCH format 1A. Msg2 message 603 (RAR: random access response) inresponse to the preamble transmission on the SCell may be addressed toRA-RNTI in a PCell common search space (CSS). Uplink packets 604 may betransmitted on the SCell in which the preamble was transmitted.

According to an embodiment, initial timing alignment may be achievedthrough a random access procedure. This may involve a UE transmitting arandom access preamble and an eNB responding with an initial TA commandNTA (amount of timing advance) within a random access response window.The start of the random access preamble may be aligned with the start ofa corresponding uplink subframe at the UE assuming NTA=0. The eNB mayestimate the uplink timing from the random access preamble transmittedby the UE. The TA command may be derived by the eNB based on theestimation of the difference between the desired UL timing and theactual UL timing. The UE may determine the initial uplink transmissiontiming relative to the corresponding downlink of the sTAG on which thepreamble is transmitted.

The mapping of a serving cell to a TAG may be configured by a servingeNB with RRC signaling. The mechanism for TAG configuration andreconfiguration may be based on RRC signaling. According to variousaspects of an embodiment, when an eNB performs an SCell additionconfiguration, the related TAG configuration may be configured for theSCell. In an example embodiment, an eNB may modify the TAG configurationof an SCell by removing (releasing) the SCell and adding (configuring) anew SCell (with the same physical cell ID and frequency) with an updatedTAG ID. The new SCell with the updated TAG ID may initially be inactivesubsequent to being assigned the updated TAG ID. The eNB may activatethe updated new SCell and start scheduling packets on the activatedSCell. In an example implementation, it may not be possible to changethe TAG associated with an SCell, but rather, the SCell may need to beremoved and a new SCell may need to be added with another TAG. Forexample, if there is a need to move an SCell from an sTAG to a pTAG, atleast one RRC message, (for example, at least one RRC reconfigurationmessage), may be send to the UE to reconfigure TAG configurations byreleasing the SCell and then configuring the SCell as a part of thepTAG. When an SCell is added/configured without a TAG index, the SCellmay be explicitly assigned to the pTAG. The PCell may not change its TAgroup and may be a member of the pTAG.

The purpose of an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure may be tomodify an RRC connection, (for example, to establish, modify and/orrelease RBs, to perform handover, to setup, modify, and/or releasemeasurements, to add, modify, and/or release SCells). If the receivedRRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes the sCellToReleaseList,the UE may perform an SCell release. If the received RRC ConnectionReconfiguration message includes the sCellToAddModList, the UE mayperform SCell additions or modification.

In LTE Release-10 and Release-11 CA, a PUCCH may only be transmitted onthe PCell (PSCell) to an eNB. In LTE-Release 12 and earlier, a UE maytransmit PUCCH information on one cell (PCell or PSCell) to a given eNB.

As the number of CA capable UEs and also the number of aggregatedcarriers increase, the number of PUCCHs and also the PUCCH payload sizemay increase. Accommodating the PUCCH transmissions on the PCell maylead to a high PUCCH load on the PCell. A PUCCH on an SCell may beintroduced to offload the PUCCH resource from the PCell. More than onePUCCH may be configured for example, a PUCCH on a PCell and anotherPUCCH on an SCell. In the example embodiments, one, two or more cellsmay be configured with PUCCH resources for transmitting CSI/ACK/NACK toa base station. Cells may be grouped into multiple PUCCH groups, and oneor more cell within a group may be configured with a PUCCH. In anexample configuration, one SCell may belong to one PUCCH group. SCellswith a configured PUCCH transmitted to a base station may be called aPUCCH SCell, and a cell group with a common PUCCH resource transmittedto the same base station may be called a PUCCH group.

In an example embodiment, a MAC entity may have a configurable timertimeAlignmentTimer per TAG. The timeAlignmentTimer may be used tocontrol how long the MAC entity considers the Serving Cells belonging tothe associated TAG to be uplink time aligned. The MAC entity may, when aTiming Advance Command MAC control element is received, apply the TimingAdvance Command for the indicated TAG; start or restart thetimeAlignmentTimer associated with the indicated TAG. The MAC entitymay, when a Timing Advance Command is received in a Random AccessResponse message for a serving cell belonging to a TAG and/or if theRandom Access Preamble was not selected by the MAC entity, apply theTiming Advance Command for this TAG and start or restart thetimeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAG. Otherwise, if thetimeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAG is not running, the TimingAdvance Command for this TAG may be applied and the timeAlignmentTimerassociated with this TAG started. When the contention resolution isconsidered not successful, a timeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAGmay be stopped. Otherwise, the MAC entity may ignore the received TimingAdvance Command.

In example embodiments, a timer is running once it is started, until itis stopped or until it expires; otherwise it may not be running A timercan be started if it is not running or restarted if it is running. Forexample, a timer may be started or restarted from its initial value.

Example embodiments of the disclosure may enable operation ofmulti-carrier communications. Other example embodiments may comprise anon-transitory tangible computer readable media comprising instructionsexecutable by one or more processors to cause operation of multi-carriercommunications. Yet other example embodiments may comprise an article ofmanufacture that comprises a non-transitory tangible computer readablemachine-accessible medium having instructions encoded thereon forenabling programmable hardware to cause a device (e.g. wirelesscommunicator, UE, base station, etc.) to enable operation ofmulti-carrier communications. The device may include processors, memory,interfaces, and/or the like. Other example embodiments may comprisecommunication networks comprising devices such as base stations,wireless devices (or user equipment: UE), servers, switches, antennas,and/or the like.

The amount of data traffic carried over cellular networks is expected toincrease for many years to come. The number of users/devices isincreasing and each user/device accesses an increasing number andvariety of services, e.g. video delivery, large files, images. This mayrequire not only high capacity in the network, but also provisioningvery high data rates to meet customers' expectations on interactivityand responsiveness. More spectrum may therefore needed for cellularoperators to meet the increasing demand. Considering user expectationsof high data rates along with seamless mobility, it may be beneficialthat more spectrum be made available for deploying macro cells as wellas small cells for cellular systems.

Striving to meet the market demands, there has been increasing interestfrom operators in deploying some complementary access utilizingunlicensed spectrum to meet the traffic growth. This is exemplified bythe large number of operator-deployed Wi-Fi networks and the 3GPPstandardization of LTE/WLAN interworking solutions. This interestindicates that unlicensed spectrum, when present, may be an effectivecomplement to licensed spectrum for cellular operators to helpaddressing the traffic explosion in some scenarios, such as hotspotareas. LAA may offer an alternative for operators to make use ofunlicensed spectrum while managing one radio network, thus offering newpossibilities for optimizing the network's efficiency.

In an example embodiment, Listen-before-talk (clear channel assessment)may be implemented for transmission in an LAA cell. In alisten-before-talk (LBT) procedure, equipment may apply a clear channelassessment (CCA) check before using the channel. For example, the CCAmay utilize at least energy detection to determine the presence orabsence of other signals on a channel in order to determine if a channelis occupied or clear, respectively. For example, European and Japaneseregulations mandate the usage of LBT in the unlicensed bands. Apart fromregulatory requirements, carrier sensing via LBT may be one way for fairsharing of the unlicensed spectrum.

In an example embodiment, discontinuous transmission on an unlicensedcarrier with limited maximum transmission duration may be enabled. Someof these functions may be supported by one or more signals to betransmitted from the beginning of a discontinuous LAA downlinktransmission. Channel reservation may be enabled by the transmission ofsignals, by an LAA node, after gaining channel access via a successfulLBT operation, so that other nodes that receive the transmitted signalwith energy above a certain threshold sense the channel to be occupied.Functions that may need to be supported by one or more signals for LAAoperation with discontinuous downlink transmission may include one ormore of the following: detection of the LAA downlink transmission(including cell identification) by UEs, time & frequency synchronizationof UEs, and/or the like.

In an example embodiment, a DL LAA design may employ subframe boundaryalignment according to LTE-A carrier aggregation timing relationshipsacross serving cells aggregated by CA. This may not imply that the eNBtransmissions can start only at the subframe boundary. LAA may supporttransmitting PDSCH when not all OFDM symbols are available fortransmission in a subframe according to LBT. Delivery of necessarycontrol information for the PDSCH may also be supported.

An LBT procedure may be employed for fair and friendly coexistence ofLAA with other operators and technologies operating in an unlicensedspectrum. LBT procedures on a node attempting to transmit on a carrierin an unlicensed spectrum may require the node to perform a clearchannel assessment to determine if the channel is free for use. An LBTprocedure may involve at least energy detection to determine if thechannel is being used. For example, regulatory requirements in someregions, for example, in Europe, may specify an energy detectionthreshold such that if a node receives energy greater than thisthreshold, the node assumes that the channel is not free. While nodesmay follow such regulatory requirements, a node may optionally use alower threshold for energy detection than that specified by regulatoryrequirements. In an example, LAA may employ a mechanism to adaptivelychange the energy detection threshold. For example, LAA may employ amechanism to adaptively lower the energy detection threshold from anupper bound. Adaptation mechanism(s) may not preclude static orsemi-static setting of the threshold. In an example a Category 4 LBTmechanism or other type of LBT mechanisms may be implemented.

Various example LBT mechanisms may be implemented. In an example, forsome signals, in some implementation scenarios, in some situations,and/or in some frequencies, no LBT procedure may performed by thetransmitting entity. In an example, Category 2 (for example, LBT withoutrandom back-off) may be implemented. The duration of time that thechannel is sensed to be idle before the transmitting entity transmitsmay be deterministic. In an example, Category 3 (for example, LBT withrandom back-off with a contention window of fixed size) may beimplemented. The LBT procedure may have the following procedure as oneof its components. The transmitting entity may draw a random number Nwithin a contention window. The size of the contention window may bespecified by the minimum and maximum value of N. The size of thecontention window may be fixed. The random number N may be employed inthe LBT procedure to determine the duration of time that the channel issensed to be idle before the transmitting entity transmits on thechannel. In an example, Category 4 (for example, LBT with randomback-off with a contention window of variable size) may be implemented.The transmitting entity may draw a random number N within a contentionwindow. The size of the contention window may be specified by a minimumand maximum value of N. The transmitting entity may vary the size of thecontention window when drawing the random number N. The random number Nmay be employed in the LBT procedure to determine the duration of timethat the channel is sensed to be idle before the transmitting entitytransmits on the channel.

LAA may employ uplink LBT at the UE. The UL LBT scheme may be differentfrom the DL LBT scheme (for example, by using different LBT mechanismsor parameters), since the LAA UL may be based on scheduled access whichaffects a UE's channel contention opportunities. Other considerationsmotivating a different UL LBT scheme include, but are not limited to,multiplexing of multiple UEs in a single subframe.

In an example, a DL transmission burst may be a continuous transmissionfrom a DL transmitting node with no transmission immediately before orafter from the same node on the same CC. A UL transmission burst from aUE perspective may be a continuous transmission from a UE with notransmission immediately before or after from the same UE on the sameCC. In an example, a UL transmission burst may be defined from a UEperspective. In an example, a UL transmission burst may be defined froman eNB perspective. In an example, in case of an eNB operating DL+UL LAAover the same unlicensed carrier, DL transmission burst(s) and ULtransmission burst(s) on LAA may be scheduled in a TDM manner over thesame unlicensed carrier. For example, an instant in time may be part ofa DL transmission burst or an UL transmission burst.

In an example embodiment, in an unlicensed cell, a downlink burst may bestarted in a subframe. When an eNB accesses the channel, the eNB maytransmit for a duration of one or more subframes. The duration maydepend on a maximum configured burst duration in an eNB, the dataavailable for transmission, and/or eNB scheduling algorithm. FIG. 10shows an example downlink burst in an unlicensed (e.g. licensed assistedaccess) cell. The maximum configured burst duration in the exampleembodiment may be configured in the eNB. An eNB may transmit the maximumconfigured burst duration to a UE employing an RRC configurationmessage.

The wireless device may receive from a base station at least one message(for example, an RRC) comprising configuration parameters of a pluralityof cells. The plurality of cells may comprise at least one license celland at least one unlicensed (for example, an LAA cell). Theconfiguration parameters of a cell may, for example, compriseconfiguration parameters for physical channels, (for example, a ePDCCH,PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCH and/or the like).

Reservation signals may be transmitted prior to transmission of uplinksignals such as PUSCH, PUCCH, and/or SRS in the uplink. The format ofreservation signals may include SRS signals, DMRS signals, preamblesignals, cyclic prefix, PUSCH signal, and/or the like. In an exampleembodiment, a reservation (R) signal may include information about a UE,an eNB, and/or the like. In an example embodiment, a reservation signalmay depend on UE implementation and configuration. For example, areservation signal may be an extension of the first PUSCH symbol orcyclic prefix. Reservation signals may be transmitted by a UE to reserveuplink channels and reduce the possibility of acquiring the channels byother UEs until the UE transmitting the reservation signal transmitsuplink data or other signals. When reservation signals for PUCCH and/orSRS transmission is supported. Reservation signal may be transmittedprior to PUCCH and/or SRS if channel access is required beforetransmitting the signals. A reservation signal may hold a channel untilthe upcoming LAA data and/or control signal boundary is reached.

After reception of an UL grant, the UE may perform LBT to detect whetherthe channel is available for transmission or not. Various implementationoptions are available for LBT mechanisms for uplink transmission. The UEmay transmit reservation signals after LBT is completed until thechannel is available for transmission of the desired uplink signals(PUSCH, PUCCH, and/or SRS). Reservation signal may add overhead andinterference to the network, but it may increase the probability ofchannel access. In an example implementation, a reservation signal mayinclude useful data and information for the eNB for channel estimation.Without LBT, PUSCH transmissions may cause collisions with WiFi andother users, and reduce the LAA and WiFi throughput. Transmission ofreservation signals after an LBT may reduce the probability of collisionand may increase the probability of successful channel access.

In an example embodiment, uplink DM-RS structure or the like (e.g. withdifferent scrambling per symbol) may be used to reserve the channel. Inan example implementation, the reservation signal may be transmitted onthe RBs allocated to a given UE for uplink PUSCH (or other signals PUCCHand/or SRS) transmissions. The reservation signal bandwidth and formatmay be designed to increase the possibility of success in channelreservation. The reservation signal may allow the eNB to identify that aUE has obtained channel access. The reservation signal of one or moreUEs may be designed to enable frequency and spatial multiplexing of UEs.

In an example implementation, an UL transmission burst from a UEperspective may be a continuous transmission from a UE with notransmission immediately before or after from the same UE on the sameCC. An LBT process may be required for an uplink transmission burst. Onereservation signal may be required for an uplink transmission burstdepending on when the UE determines that the channel is clear. Forexample, when a UE starts transmitting uplink signals, one reservationsignal may be transmitted in the beginning of an uplink transmissionburst. The UE may not transmit reservation signals for subframes in themiddle of an uplink transmission burst. Transmission of reservationsignal may improve uplink performance for LAA cells. In an exampleimplementation, the reservation signal may be transmitted on the RBsallocated to a given UE for uplink PUSCH (or other signals PUCCH and/orSRS) transmissions.

A wireless device may receive one or more messages (e.g. RRC) comprisingconfiguration parameters of an unlicensed cell. The wireless device mayreceive a downlink control information (DCI) for transmission of one ormore transport blocks on the unlicensed cell. The DCI may comprise atransmit power control (TPC) command and/or a resource block assignmentindicating a plurality of resource blocks. The wireless device maycalculate a transmission power at least employing the TPC command andresource block assignment. The transmission power may be employed fortransmission of a reservation signal and a plurality of PUSCH symbols.The wireless device may perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure todetect whether a channel is available for transmission. The wirelessdevice may transmit, in response to the LBT procedure indicating thatthe channel is available and via a first plurality of RBs and until aphysical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) starting symbol, a reservationsignal with the transmission power. The wireless device may transmit,via the first plurality of RBs and starting at the PUSCH startingsymbol, the one or more transport blocks with the transmission power.

In an example embodiment, the R signal may be transmitted on the RBsallocated to a given UE and may be transmitted at the same power as theUE signal transmission in the same subframe. For example, the UE mayadjust R signal power, when the UE adjust PUSCH transmit power insubframe n+1.

When a UE is configured to transmit a reservation signal, the maximumduration, the starting time(s), and/or the ending time of thereservation signal may be specified or configured by eNB. In an exampleembodiment, an eNB may transmit at least one RRC message comprising oneor more parameters indicating possible maximum duration(s), the startingtime(s), and/or the ending times for reservation signals in one or morescenarios. Limiting maximum duration of reservation signal may reduceinterference and/or channel congestion due to reservation signal. The UEmay transmit reservation signals after LBT is completed and untiltransmission of PUSCH symbols start. In an example embodiment, as shownin FIG. 14, PUSCH (and or other signals e.g. PUCCH) signal transmissionmay start from a starting symbol different from symbol zero in asubframe.

Example embodiments provide mechanisms for determining a transmissionpower and radio resources for transmission of a reservation signal.Reservation signals are transmitted with the same power of the followingPUSCH symbols and are transmitted in the same resource blocks as thefollowing PUSCH RBs. Example embodiment enhances LAA operation, channelreservation and signal transmission and enables multiple UEs to transmitsignal in the same subframe to an eNB.

LTE release-13 UL power control mechanisms may be enhanced fortransmission signals in the uplink of an LAA cell. LTE UL power controlmay reduce a UE transmission power as long as the reception performanceat eNB satisfies the requirement. The eNB may transmit TPC for uplinktransmission. In an example uplink transmission in an LAA cell with LBToperation in the LAA cell, a UE transmission power may be employed byother wireless devices within certain coverage to prevent uplinktransmission by other nodes and creating interference.

Uplink power control may reduce UL transmit power to a relatively lowlevel. Uplink transmit power of below a threshold may not be suitablefor LAA operation on an unlicensed carrier Enhancement of UL powercontrol algorithms suitable for LBT operation may be considered. In anexample embodiment, a UE's minimum transmit power may be configured (viaRRC messages) to reduce the possibility of other UEs detecting thechannel free and start transmission and interfering with the UE. A UEmay be configured to transmit above a minimum transmit power value evenif the eNB may detect its signal at below the minimum value.

In an example scenario, in an LAA cell, a maximum transmit powerspectral density may be limited, e.g. the power limit may depend ontransmission bandwidth. Maximum allowed transmission power may depend ontransmission bandwidth. The power control in the current LTE systems maylimit maximum total output power of a UE via configurable maximumtransmit power PCMAX independent of transmission bandwidth (the numberof RBs used for uplink transmission). The current LTE systems do notprovide a capability for configuration of maximum power depending basedon the uplink transmission bandwidth (the number of RBs in an uplinktransmission) Enhancements may be considered to control the maximumtransmit power spectral density of a UE in an unlicensed band.Mechanisms may be implemented to allocate UEs transmit power betweendifferent cells including licensed cell and LAA cells, e.g. when the UEis power limited.

In an example embodiment, a UE may calculate transmit power for PUSCH,PUCCH, and/or SRS in the uplink according to a power control formula.The calculations of uplink transmit power for a signal may employ uplinkpower calculations in release 13 with additional enhancements to improveuplink transmission power for LAA cells.

Uplink transmission power of PUSCH, PUCH, and/or SRS may be adjusted(scaled down) when uplink transmit power of serving cells exceed maximumtransmit power of the UE. For example, In FIG. 11, powers may becalculated for uplink signals (e.g. PUSCH and/or PUCCH) on carriers Band E in subframe n+1. If a total maximum calculated transmit power doesnot exceed the max transmit power of the UE, the UE may transmit signalson carriers B and E according to the calculated power. If the totalmaximum calculated transmit power exceed the max transmit power of theUE, the UE may transmit signals on carriers B and E according to apredefined rule by adjusting (scaling) the transmission power. In suchconditions, the UE may drop one or more signals, and transmit one ormore other signals to meet the power requirements. In an exampleembodiment, SRS signals may be dropped if SRS signals cannot betransmitted in parallel with PUSCH and/or PUCCH signals in a cell group(MCG, SCG).

Example power control formulas for calculating the power of PUSCH, PUCCHand SRS in different scenarios are presented below. In an example, someenhancements may be made to power control mechanisms to improve powercontrol efficiency in an LAA cell.

In an example implementation, the setting of the UE Transmit power for aPhysical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission may be determined asfollows.

If the UE transmits PUSCH without a simultaneous PUCCH for the servingcell c, then the UE transmit power P_(PUSCH,c)(i) for PUSCH transmissionin subframe i for the serving cell c may be given by

${P_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} = {\min\left\{ \begin{matrix}{{P_{{CMAX},c}(i)},} \\{{10\;{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} \right)}} + {P_{{O\_ PUSCH},c}(j)} + {{\alpha_{c}(j)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {f_{c}(i)}}\end{matrix} \right\}}$

If the UE transmits PUSCH simultaneous with PUCCH for the serving cellc, then the UE may transmit power P_(PUSCH,c)(i) for the PUSCHtransmission in subframe i for the serving cell c may be given by

${P_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} = {\min{\begin{Bmatrix}{{10\;{\log_{10}\left( {{{\hat{P}}_{{CMAX},c}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)}} \right)}},} \\\begin{matrix}{{10\;{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} \right)}} + {P_{{O\_ PUSCH},c}(j)} +} \\{{{\alpha_{c}(j)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {f_{c}(i)}}\end{matrix}\end{Bmatrix}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

If the UE is not transmitting PUSCH for the serving cell c, for theaccumulation of TPC command received with DCI format 3/3A for PUSCH, theUE may assume that the UE transmit power P_(PUSCH,c)(i) for the PUSCHtransmission in subframe i for the serving cell c may be computed byP _(PUSCH,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P _(O) _(_) _(PUSCH,c)(1)+α_(c)(1)·PL_(c) +f _(c)(i)} [dBm]

In an example implementation, if serving cell c is the primary cell, forPUCCH format 1/1a/1b/2/2a/2b/3, the setting of the UE Transmit powerP_(PUCCH) for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissionin subframe i for serving cell c may be determined by

${P_{PUCCH}(i)} = {\min{\left\{ \begin{matrix}{{P_{{CMAX},c}(i)},} \\\begin{matrix}{P_{O\_ PUCCH} + {PL}_{c} + {h\left( {n_{CQI},{n_{{HARQ},}n_{SR}}} \right)} +} \\{{\Delta_{F\_ PUCCH}(F)} + {\Delta_{TxD}\left( F^{\prime} \right)} + {g(i)}}\end{matrix}\end{matrix} \right\}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

If serving cell c is the primary cell, for PUCCH format 4/5, the settingof the UE Transmit power P_(PUCCH) for the physical uplink controlchannel (PUCCH) transmission in subframe i for serving cell c may bedetermined by

${P_{PUCCH}(i)} = {\min{\left\{ \begin{matrix}{{P_{{CMAX},c}(i)},} \\\begin{matrix}{P_{O\_ PUCCH} + {PL}_{c} + {10\;{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUCCH},c}(i)} \right)}} +} \\{{\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {\Delta_{F\_ PUCCH}(F)} + {g(i)}}\end{matrix}\end{matrix} \right\}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

If the UE is not transmitting PUCCH for the primary cell, for theaccumulation of TPC command for PUCCH, the UE may assume that the UEtransmit power P_(PUCCH) for PUCCH in subframe i is computed byP _(PUCCH)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P ₀ _(_) _(PUCCH) +PL _(c) +g(i)} [dBm]

In an example implementation, the setting of the UE Transmit powerP_(SRS) for the SRS transmitted on subframe i for serving cell c may bedetermined byP _(SRS,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P _(SRS) _(_) _(OFFSET,c)(m)+10 log₁₀(M_(SRS,c))+P _(O) _(_) _(PUSCH,c)(j)+α_(c)(j)·PL _(c) +f _(c)(i)} [dBm]

There is a need to determine the transmit power of R signals in an LTEnetwork. Example embodiments present a mechanism for determining thepower of reservation (R) signals in the uplink. Reservation signals mayplay an important role in uplink transmission, and transmission powerfor R signals may be determined by the UE. There is a need to developmechanisms for determining the transmit power of R signals in differenttransmission scenarios.

In an example embodiment, when the R signals are transmitted in the samesubframe as the first uplink transmission, uplink transmit power of Rsignals may be determined based on the power calculations for the firstuplink transmission. For example, in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14, the uplinktransmit power of the R signal in subframe n+1 may depend on uplinkpower calculations for PUSCH in subframe n+1. In an example embodiment,the UE may calculate a first transmit power of PUSCH according to afirst mechanism (e.g. a formula). The UE signal transmit power (e.g.PUSCH on carrier E in subframe n+1) may then be adjusted to a secondtransmit power if the total transmit power of the UE exceeds the maximumallowed transmit power of the UE in subframe n+1.

In an example embodiment, the R signal may be transmitted on the RBsallocated to a given UE and may be transmitted at the same power as theUE signal transmission in the same subframe. For example, the UE mayadjust R signal power, when the UE adjust PUSCH transmit power insubframe n+1.

In an example embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, PUSCH (and or othersignals e.g. PUCCH) signal transmission may start from a starting symboldifferent from symbol zero in a subframe, for example from the firstsymbol of the second slot. The transmit power of the PUSCH (and or othersignals, e.g. PUCCH) on serving cells transmitting uplink signals may bedetermined for the entire subframe. In an example embodiment, the UE maynot be power limited in the first slot (or a first duration), but may bepower limited in the second slot (or second duration) of subframe n+1.The UE may adjust one or more transmit powers of signals transmitted inone or more carriers in the entire subframe n+1 to meet powerrequirements in the first and second slot of subframe n+1.

In an example embodiment, Power priority of the R signal may beconsidered to be the same as the power priority of the signal followingthe R signal, when R signal and the following signals are transmitted inthe same subframe. When the following signal power (e.g. PUSCH power) isadjusted, the R signal power is adjusted as well. The same adjustingfactor may be applied to the following signal power as well as the Rsignal power.

In an example, if the UE is not configured with an SCG or a PUCCH-SCell,and if the total transmit power of the UE would exceed {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i), the UE may scale {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,c)(i) forthe serving cell c in subframe i such that the condition

${\sum\limits_{c}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)}}} \leq \left( {{{\hat{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)}} \right)$is satisfied where {circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i) is the linear valueof P_(PUCCH)(i), {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,c)(i) is the linear valueof P_(PUSCH,c)(i), {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i) is the linear valueof the UE total configured maximum output power P_(CMAX) in subframe iand w(i) is a scaling factor of {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,c)(i) forserving cell c where 0≤w(i)≤1. In case there is no PUCCH transmission insubframe i {circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i)=0.

In an example, if the UE is not configured with an SCG or a PUCCH-Scell,and if the UE has PUSCH transmission with UCI on serving cell j andPUSCH without UCI in any of the remaining serving cells, and the totaltransmit power of the UE would exceed {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i),the UE scales {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,c)(i) for the serving cellswithout UCI in subframe i such that the condition

${\sum\limits_{c \neq j}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)}}} \leq \left( {{{\hat{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},j}(i)}} \right)$is satisfied where {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,j)(i) is the PUSCHtransmit power for the cell with UCI and w(i) is a scaling factor of{circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,c)(i) for serving cell c without UCI. Inthis case, no power scaling is applied to {circumflex over(P)}_(PUSCH,j)(i) unless

${\sum\limits_{c \neq j}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)}}} = 0$and the total transmit power of the UE still would exceed {circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX)(i).

For a UE not configured with a SCG or a PUCCH-SCell, w(i) values may bethe same across serving cells when w(i)>0 but for certain serving cellsw(i) may be zero.

If the UE is not configured with an SCG or a PUCCH-SCell, and if the UEhas simultaneous PUCCH and PUSCH transmission with UCI on serving cell jand PUSCH transmission without UCI in any of the remaining servingcells, and the total transmit power of the UE would exceed {circumflexover (P)}_(CMAX)(i), the UE obtains {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,c)(i)according to

P̂_(PUSCH, j)(i) = min (P̂_(PUSCH, j)(i), (P̂_(CMAX)(i) − P̂_(PUCCH)(i)))and${\sum\limits_{c \neq j}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)}}} \leq \left( {{{\hat{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},j}(i)}} \right)$

In an example embodiment, if the UE is not configured with a SCG or aPUCCH-SCell, the following example implementations may be implemented.

In an example, if the UE is configured with multiple TAGs, and if thePUCCH/PUSCH transmission of the UE on subframe i for a given servingcell in a TAG overlaps some portion of the first symbol of the PUSCHtransmission on subframe i+1 for a different serving cell in another TAGthe UE may adjust its total transmission power to not exceed P_(CMAX) onany overlapped portion.

In an example, if the UE is configured with multiple TAGs, and if thePUSCH transmission of the UE on subframe i for a given serving cell in aTAG overlaps some portion of the first symbol of the PUCCH transmissionon subframe i+1 for a different serving cell in another TAG the UE mayadjust its total transmission power to not exceed P_(CMAX) on anyoverlapped portion.

In an example, if the UE is configured with multiple TAGs, and if theSRS transmission of the UE in a symbol on subframe i for a given servingcell in a TAG overlaps with the PUCCH/PUSCH transmission on subframe ior subframe i+1 for a different serving cell in the same or another TAGthe UE may drop SRS if its total transmission power exceeds P_(CMAX) onany overlapped portion of the symbol.

In an example, if the UE is configured with multiple TAGs and more than2 serving cells, and if the SRS transmission of the UE in a symbol onsubframe i for a given serving cell overlaps with the SRS transmissionon subframe i for a different serving cell(s) and with PUSCH/PUCCHtransmission on subframe i or subframe i+1 for another serving cell(s)the UE may drop the SRS transmissions if the total transmission powerexceeds P_(CMAX) on any overlapped portion of the symbol.

In an example, if the UE is configured with multiple TAGs, the UE shall,when requested by higher layers, to transmit PRACH in a secondaryserving cell in parallel with SRS transmission in a symbol on a subframeof a different serving cell belonging to a different TAG, drop SRS ifthe total transmission power exceeds P_(CMAX) on any overlapped portionin the symbol.

In an example, if the UE is configured with multiple TAGs, the UE may,when requested by higher layers, to transmit PRACH in a secondaryserving cell in parallel with PUSCH/PUCCH in a different serving cellbelonging to a different TAG, adjust the transmission power ofPUSCH/PUCCH so that its total transmission power does not exceedP_(CMAX) on the overlapped portion.

In an example embodiment, when the R signals are transmitted in apreceding subframe (in subframe n) of the first uplink transmission (insubframe n+1), uplink transmit power of R signals may be determinedbased on the power calculations for the first uplink transmission. Forexample in FIG. 11, the uplink transmit power of the R signal insubframe n+1 may depend on uplink power calculations for PUSCH insubframe n+1. In an example embodiment, the UE may calculate a firsttransmit power of PUSCH according to a first mechanism (e.g. powercontrol formula). The UE may transmit PUSCH with the first transmitpower.

In an example, the UE signal transmit power (e.g. PUSCH on carrier E insubframe n+1) may be adjusted if the total transmit power of the UEexceeds the maximum allowed transmit power of the UE in subframe n+1 toobtain a second transmit power. The UE signal may be transmitted withthe second transmit power.

In an example, the first calculated power for subframe n+1 may be thebaseline power for determining R transmit power in subframe n. In anexample, the second transmit power (adjusted power) may be the baselinepower for determining R transmit power in subframe n.

The UE may determine a first R transmit power. In an example, the Rsignal may be transmitted on the RBs allocated to a given UE and may betransmitted at the baseline power. In an example embodiment, the Rsignal may be transmitted on RBs different from the RBs allocated to agiven UE and may be transmitted at the baseline power.

In an example, R signal power adjustment in the preceding subframe maybe implemented. The signals transmitted on multiple carriers in subframen may be different from signals transmitted in subframe n+1. In anexample scenario, the UE may be power limited in subframe n+1, and maynot be power limited in subframe n. In an example scenario, the UE maynot be power limited in subframe n, and may be power limited in subframen+1. In an example scenario, the UE may be power limited in bothsubframe n and n+1. In an example scenario, the UE may not be powerlimited in either subframe n or n+1.

As shown in example FIG. 11 and FIG. 13, R signal may be transmitted inparallel with SRS, PUSCH, PUCCH, and or other R signals. The examplefigure shows one R signals. In an example scenario, R signals may betransmitted in parallel in more than one LAA cell. Mechanisms need to beimplemented to determine R transmit signal power and other signal powerswhen the UE is power limited in subframe n.

Duration of reservation signals in subframe n−1 may depend on UEconfiguration, maximum allowed reservation signal duration, and/or onthe LBT process and when LBT indicates a clear channel. In an example,the duration of R signals in subframe n may be x symbols (e.g. x=1, 2,3) or x micro-seconds (e.g. x=30, 40, 80 micro seconds).

In an example, when the UE is power limited, the power control mechanismmay determine the transmit power for the entire subframe n regardless ofthe length of the R duration in subframe n (the overlap of R signals andsubframe n). Power control mechanism and/or adjustments may be appliedto the signals transmitted during the subframe. A power prioritymechanism may be considered to adjust and/or drop one or more signals sothat the total transmit power is below a maximum allowed transmissionpower.

In an example, when the UE is power limited, the power control mechanismmay determine the transmit power for the entire subframe when theduration of R signal in subframe n is above certain threshold (e.g. 1symbol, 20 microseconds, etc). In an example, when the duration of Rsignals in subframe n is below certain threshold (e.g. 1 symbol, 20microseconds, etc) the UE may calculate the subframe transmit power forsignals in subframe n without considering the power required fortransmission of the reservation signal. The UE may adjust the transmitpower or one or more signals during the overlap duration with the Rsignal(s) in subframe n in a way that the total transmit power of the UEdoes not exceed a maximum power during any overlap period. UE may adjustthe transmit power during the overlap period of signals in subframe nand the R signals in subframe n so that the total transmit power doesnot exceed the maximum transmit power during the transmission of Rsignals in subframe n. In addition, the UE may adjust the transmit powerof one or more signals in other carriers (PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, and/orother R signals) during the subframe so that the total transmit powerdoes not exceed during the entire subframe. For example, in FIG. 11 andFIG. 13, the UE may adjust the transmit powers in carrier A, B, and Dduring the entire subframe so that total power does not exceed themaximum power. Then when the overlap duration with R signal in subframen is below a threshold, the UE may adjust one or more signal transmitpowers (e.g. according to a power priority) during the R overlap periodso that the total power during the overlap period does not exceed athreshold. This mechanism may be applied when one or more R signals aretransmitted over one or more cells. In an example, this mechanism may beapplied separately to each of the one or more R signals.

In an example implementation, when the reservation signal is transmittedin more than one subframe, for example as shown in FIG. 13, a transmitpower may be calculated for R signal. Then the transmit power of Rsignals may be separately determined in subframe n and n+1 based onmaximum power requirements and power priorities, and based onlimitations on transmit power in subframe n and n+1. For example, the Rsignal power may need to be adjusted in subframe n due to powerlimitations in subframe n, and R signal power may not need to beadjusted in subframe n+1 (since power is not limited during the subframen+1). Power limitations in subframe n and n+1 varies, because differentsignals are transmitted on cells in subframe n compared with subframen+1.

In an example, R signal may be transmitted with a first power insubframe n. R signal may be transmitted with a second power in subframen+1. R signal may be adjusted based on power priorities and powerlimitations in each of the subframe n and n+1. In an example, the Rsignal power may be adjusted (scaled down) in subframe n to meet themaximum transmit power requirements. The R signal power may not beadjusted (scaled down) in subframe n+1, since total transmit power isbelow the maximum transmit power. Transmit power control mechanisms maybe separately applied to signals (e.g. R signals) transmitted insubframe n and subframe n+1.

In an example implementation, when the reservation signal is transmittedin more than one subframe, for example as shown in FIG. 13, a transmitpower may be calculated for R signal. Then the transmit power of Rsignals may be separately determined in subframe n and n+1, based onlimitations on transmit power in subframe n and n+1. For example, the Rsignal power may need to be adjusted in subframe n due to powerlimitations, but do not need to be adjusted in subframe n+1 (since poweris not limited during the subframe n+1). The transmit power of the Rsignal may remain the same during the R signal transmission duration(not including the transient period). The R signal may be transmittedwith the same power during the subframe n and n+1. In an example, the Rsignal power during subframe n and n+1 may be determined based on thelower power value of a first power determined in subframe n and a secondpower determined for subframe n+1.

In an example embodiment different power priorities may be assigned totransmission power of different signals. In an example, R signals may beassigned the priority of the following signal. Transmission powerpriorities may be determined according to the following:PRACH>PUCCH>PUSCH with UCI>PUSCH>SRS

For example, when the R signals are transmitted for reserving thechannel for transmission of PUSCH, the reservation signal may beallocated the same priority of PUSCH transmission power.

For example, when R signals are transmitted prior to PUSCH signals:

${{\sum\limits_{c \neq j}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)}}} + {\sum{{v(i)}{P\_ R}}}} \leq \left( {{{\hat{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},j}(i)}} \right)$or${\sum\limits_{c \neq j}{{w(i)} \cdot \left( {{{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} + {P\_ R}} \right)}} \leq \left( {{{\hat{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},j}(i)}} \right)$

W and v are scaling factor smaller than or equal to 1. In an exampleembodiment, when there is not enough power to transmit R signals, thescaling factor for the R signal transmission power may be assigned tozero. In an example implementation, if there is not enough power totransmit an R signal according to a power priority mechanism (e.g. oneof the above implementations), R signal may be dropped in subframe n. Inan example implementation, one or more R signals may be dropped and oneor more R signals may be transmitted according to the above examplepriority mechanisms so that the total transmit power is below a maximumtotal transmit power.

In an example, when the R signals are transmitted for reserving thechannel for transmission of SRS, the reservation signal may be allocatedthe same priority of SRS transmission power. In an example embodiment,SRS signals and the preceding R signal may be dropped when a totalcalculated transmit power exceeds a maximum transmit power.

In an example, when the R signals are transmitted for reserving thechannel for transmission of PRACH, the reservation signal may beallocated the same priority of PRACH transmission power.

According to various embodiments, a device such as, for example, awireless device, a base station and/or the like, may comprise one ormore processors and memory. The memory may store instructions that, whenexecuted by the one or more processors, cause the device to perform aseries of actions. Embodiments of example actions are illustrated in theaccompanying figures and specification.

FIG. 15 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 1510, a wireless device may receive one ormore messages. The one or more messages may comprise configurationparameters of an unlicensed cell. A downlink control information (DCI)may be received at 1520. The DCI may be for transmission of one or moretransport blocks on the unlicensed cell. The DCI may comprise a transmitpower control (TPC) command. At 1530, a transmission power may becalculated employing at least the TPC command. The transmission powermay be employed for transmission of a reservation signal and a pluralityof PUSCH symbols. A listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure may be performedat 1540 to detect whether a channel is available for transmission. At1550, the wireless device may transmit, in response to the LBT procedureindicating that the channel is available and via a first plurality ofresource blocks (RBs) and until a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)starting symbol, a reservation signal with the transmission power. At1560, the one or more transport blocks with the transmission power maybe transmitted via the first plurality of RBs starting at the PUSCHstarting symbol.

According to an embodiment, the reservation signal may be transmittedonly at a beginning subframe of an uplink burst comprising one or moresubframes. The reservation signal may, for example, have a predeterminedformat. According to an embodiment, an indication configuring a startingtime for the reservation signal may be received from a base station.According to an embodiment, an indication configuring the PUSCH startingsymbol may be received from a base station. According to an embodiment,the one or more messages may comprise one or more uplink power controlparameters. According to an embodiment, the calculation of thetransmission power may further comprise adjusting a power of thereservation signal and the plurality of PUSCH symbols with a sameadjusting factor.

FIG. 16 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. A wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of an unlicensed cell at1610. A DCI may be received at 1620 for transmission of one or moretransport blocks on the unlicensed cell. The DCI may comprise a RBsassignment indicating a first plurality of resource blocks (RBs). An LBTprocedure may be performed at 1630 to detect whether a channel isavailable for transmission. The wireless device may transmit at 1650, inresponse to the LBT procedure indicating that the channel is availableand via the first plurality of RBs and until a physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH) starting symbol, a reservation signal with a reservationsignal transmission power. At 1660, the wireless device may transmit,via the first plurality of RBs and starting at the PUSCH startingsymbol, the one or more transport blocks with a PUSCH transmissionpower. The reservation signal transmission power may be equal to thePUSCH transmission power.

According to an embodiment, the reservation signal may be transmittedonly at a beginning subframe of an uplink burst comprising one or moresubframes. According to an embodiment, the reservation signal may have apredetermined format. According to an embodiment, the wireless devicemay further comprise receiving, from a base station, an indicationconfiguring a starting time for the reservation signal. According to anembodiment, the wireless device may further receive, from a basestation, an indication configuring the PUSCH starting symbol. The one ormore messages comprise, for example, one or more uplink power controlparameters.

FIG. 17 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. A base station may receive one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters of an unlicensed cell at 1710. Thebase station may transmit to a wireless device a DCI at 1720 fortransmission of one or more transport blocks on the unlicensed cell. TheDCI may comprise a RBs assignment indicating a first plurality ofresource blocks (RBs). The base station may receive from the wirelessdevice a reservation signal at 1750. At 1760, the base station mayreceive from the wireless device the one or more transport blocks viathe first plurality of RBs and starting at the PUSCH starting symbol.

In this specification, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to beinterpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” In this specification,the term “may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.” In otherwords, the term “may” is indicative that the phrase following the term“may” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities thatmay, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, A iscalled a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets andsubsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B={cell1,cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}.

In this specification, parameters (Information elements: IEs) maycomprise one or more objects, and each of those objects may comprise oneor more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE) N comprisesparameter (IE) M, and parameter (IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, andparameter (IE) K comprises parameter (information element) J, then, forexample, N comprises K, and N comprises J. In an example embodiment,when one or more messages comprise a plurality of parameters, it impliesthat a parameter in the plurality of parameters is in at least one ofthe one or more messages, but does not have to be in each of the one ormore messages.

Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may beimplemented as modules. A module is defined here as an isolatableelement that performs a defined function and has a defined interface toother elements. The modules described in this disclosure may beimplemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware,firmware, wetware (i.e hardware with a biological element) or acombination thereof, all of which are behaviorally equivalent. Forexample, modules may be implemented as a software routine written in acomputer language configured to be executed by a hardware machine (suchas C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab or the like) or amodeling/simulation program such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, orLabVIEWMathScript. Additionally, it may be possible to implement modulesusing physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmableanalog, digital and/or quantum hardware. Examples of programmablehardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors,application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs).Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmed usinglanguages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDsare often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL) such asVHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog that configureconnections between internal hardware modules with lesser functionalityon a programmable device. Finally, it needs to be emphasized that theabove mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achievethe result of a functional module.

The disclosure of this patent document incorporates material which issubject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection tothe facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or thepatent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Officepatent file or records, for the limited purposes required by law, butotherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example, and notlimitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevantart(s) that various changes in form and detail can be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope. In fact, after reading theabove description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevantart(s) how to implement alternative embodiments. Thus, the presentembodiments should not be limited by any of the above describedexemplary embodiments. In particular, it should be noted that, forexample purposes, the above explanation has focused on the example(s)using FDD communication systems. However, one skilled in the art willrecognize that embodiments of the disclosure may also be implemented ina system comprising one or more TDD cells (e.g. frame structure 2 and/orframe structure 3-licensed assisted access). The disclosed methods andsystems may be implemented in wireless or wireline systems. The featuresof various embodiments presented in this disclosure may be combined. Oneor many features (method or system) of one embodiment may be implementedin other embodiments. Only a limited number of example combinations areshown to indicate to one skilled in the art the possibility of featuresthat may be combined in various embodiments to create enhancedtransmission and reception systems and methods.

In addition, it should be understood that any figures which highlightthe functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposesonly. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible andconfigurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than thatshown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may bere-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

Further, the purpose of the Abstract of the Disclosure is to enable theU.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, andespecially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the art whoare not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determinequickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of thetechnical disclosure of the application. The Abstract of the Disclosureis not intended to be limiting as to the scope in any way.

Finally, it is the applicant's intent that only claims that include theexpress language “means for” or “step for” be interpreted under 35U.S.C. 112. Claims that do not expressly include the phrase “means for”or “step for” are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wirelessdevice, one or more messages comprising configuration parameters of anunlicensed cell; receiving, by the wireless device, a downlink controlinformation (DCI) for transmission of one or more transport blocks onthe unlicensed cell, the DCI indicating: a transmit power control (TPC)command; and a resource blocks (RBs) assignment indicating a firstplurality of RBs; calculating, by the wireless device, a transmissionpower employing the TPC command, the transmission power employed fortransmission of: an uplink reservation signal; and the one or moretransport blocks via a plurality of physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH) symbols; performing a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure todetect whether a channel is available for transmission; in response tothe LBT procedure indicating that the channel is available, transmittingthe uplink reservation signal: with the transmission power; viasubcarriers of the first plurality of RBs; and until a PUSCH startingsymbol; and transmitting, via the subcarriers of the first plurality ofRBs and starting at the PUSCH starting symbol, the one or more transportblocks with the transmission power.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe uplink reservation signal is transmitted only at a beginningsubframe of an uplink burst comprising one or more subframes.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the uplink reservation signal has apredetermined format.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprisingreceiving, from a base station, an indication configuring a startingtime for the uplink reservation signal.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the DCI further indicates the PUSCH starting symbol.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages comprise one or moreuplink power control parameters.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein thecalculating the transmission power further comprises adjusting a powerof the uplink reservation signal and the plurality of PUSCH symbols witha same adjusting factor.
 8. A method comprising; receiving, by awireless device, one or more messages comprising configurationparameters of an unlicensed cell; receiving, by the wireless device, adownlink control information (DCI) for transmission of one or moretransport blocks on the unlicensed cell, the DCI indicating: a transmitpower control (TPC) command; and a resource blocks (RBs) assignmentindicating a first plurality of RBs; performing a listen-before-talk(LBT) procedure to detect whether a channel is available fortransmission; in response to the LBT procedure indicating that thechannel is available, transmitting an uplink reservation signal: with areservation signal transmission power based on the TPC command; viasubcarriers of the first plurality of RBs; and until a physical uplinkshared channel (PUSCH) starting symbol; and transmitting, via thesubcarriers of the first plurality of RBs and starting at the PUSCHstarting symbol, the one or more transport blocks with a PUSCHtransmission power; and wherein the reservation signal transmissionpower is equal to the PUSCH transmission power.
 9. The method of claim8, wherein the uplink reservation signal is transmitted only at abeginning subframe of an uplink burst comprising one or more subframes.10. The method of claim 8, wherein the uplink reservation signal has apredetermined format.
 11. The method of claim 8, further comprisingreceiving, from a base station, an indication configuring a startingtime for the uplink reservation signal.
 12. The method of claim 8,wherein the DCI further indicates the PUSCH starting symbol.
 13. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the one or more messages comprise one or moreuplink power control parameters.
 14. A wireless device comprising: oneor more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executedby the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to: receive oneor more messages comprising configuration parameters of an unlicensedcell; receive a downlink control information (DCI) for transmission ofone or more transport blocks on the unlicensed cell, the DCI indicating:a transmit power control (TPC) command; and a resource blocks (RBs)assignment indicating a first plurality of RBs; calculate a transmissionpower employing the TPC command, the transmission power employed fortransmission of: an uplink reservation signal; and the one or moretransport blocks via a plurality of physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH) symbols; perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure to detectwhether a channel is available for transmission; in response to the LBTprocedure indicating that the channel is available, transmit the uplinkreservation signal: with the transmission power; via subcarriers of thefirst plurality of RBs; and until a PUSCH starting symbol; and transmit,via the subcarriers of the first plurality of RBs and starting at thePUSCH starting symbol, the one or more transport blocks with thetransmission power.
 15. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein theuplink reservation signal is transmitted only at a beginning subframe ofan uplink burst comprising one or more subframes.
 16. The wirelessdevice of claim 14, wherein the uplink reservation signal has apredetermined format.
 17. The wireless device of claim 14, furthercomprising receiving, from a base station, an indication configuring astarting time for the uplink reservation signal.
 18. The wireless deviceof claim 14, wherein the DCI further indicates the PUSCH startingsymbol.
 19. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the one or moremessages comprise one or more uplink power control parameters.
 20. Thewireless device of claim 14, wherein the calculating a transmissionpower further comprises adjusting a power of the uplink reservationsignal and the plurality of PUSCH symbols with a same adjusting factor.